Queensland Health recently commissioned qualitative research led by IPSOS to explore barriers and enablers to cervical screening with never and under screened women (defined as being more than 7 years overdue). This research also aimed to identify what aspects of the National Cervical Screening Program most strongly influence participation and to explore the acceptability of self-collection to increase participation amongst this cohort. Women cited many negative experiences and aspects of the program, as well as barriers in their social and personal lives that limited screening intention and behaviour. Barriers and enablers to cervical screening identified in this research have been classified into four factors: structural, knowledge and attitudinal, social, and personal. The research identified more factors associated with non-participation than participation. However, the research did uncover a range of potential enablers to encourage screening, many of which related to the program design. The concept of self-collection was broadly well accepted by women, particularly by never screeners. Recommendations resulting from this research include communications, systems, and eligibility changes, particularly in regards to the availability and benefits of self-collection.